A Novel Conditional Codec with Timbre-Aware Tokens for Very Low-Bitrate Speech Coding

🎧 Audio Demo (640~ / 1200~ / 3000~ bps)

Encodec (TMLR,2022) · HiFiCodec (arXiv,2023) · TiCodec (ICASSP,2024) · WavTokenizer (ICLR,2025) · DualCodec (INTERSPEECH,2025) · cCodec (proposed,2026)
640~ bps Samples
Sample s1: “Also, a popular contrivance whereby love-making may be suspended but not stopped during the picnic season.”
Codec TypePlayback
GroundTruth
EnCodec (750bps)
HiFiCodec (700bps)
TiCodec (700bps)
WavTokenizer (720bps)
DualCodec (750bps)
cCodec (640bps)
Sample s2: “The beggar's plea, the politician's sceptre and the drummer's ablest assistant.”
Codec TypePlayback
GroundTruth
EnCodec (750bps)
HiFiCodec (700bps)
TiCodec (700bps)
WavTokenizer (720bps)
DualCodec (750bps)
cCodec (640bps)
Sample s3: “Painful to hear.”
Codec TypePlayback
GroundTruth
EnCodec (750bps)
HiFiCodec (700bps)
TiCodec (700bps)
WavTokenizer (720bps)
DualCodec (750bps)
cCodec (640bps)
1200~ bps Samples
Sample s1: “Also, a popular contrivance whereby love-making may be suspended but not stopped during the picnic season.”
Codec TypePlayback
GroundTruth
EnCodec (1500bps)
HiFiCodec (1400bps)
TiCodec (1400bps)
WavTokenizer (1200bps)
DualCodec (1500bps)
cCodec (1200bps)
Sample s2: “The beggar's plea, the politician's sceptre and the drummer's ablest assistant.”
Codec TypePlayback
GroundTruth
EnCodec (1500bps)
HiFiCodec (1400bps)
TiCodec (1400bps)
WavTokenizer (1200bps)
DualCodec (1500bps)
cCodec (1200bps)
Sample s3: “Painful to hear.”
Codec TypePlayback
GroundTruth
EnCodec (1500bps)
HiFiCodec (1400bps)
TiCodec (1400bps)
WavTokenizer (1200bps)
DualCodec (1500bps)
cCodec (1200bps)
3000~ bps Samples
Sample s1: “Also, a popular contrivance whereby love-making may be suspended but not stopped during the picnic season.”
Codec TypePlayback
GroundTruth
EnCodec (3000bps)
HiFiCodec (3000bps)
TiCodec (3000bps)
WavTokenizer (3000bps)
DualCodec (3000bps)
cCodec (3000bps)
Sample s2: “The beggar's plea, the politician's sceptre and the drummer's ablest assistant.”
Codec TypePlayback
GroundTruth
EnCodec (3000bps)
HiFiCodec (3000bps)
TiCodec (3000bps)
WavTokenizer (3000bps)
DualCodec (3000bps)
cCodec (3000bps)
Sample s3: “Painful to hear.”
Codec TypePlayback
GroundTruth
EnCodec (3000bps)
HiFiCodec (3000bps)
TiCodec (3000bps)
WavTokenizer (3000bps)
DualCodec (3000bps)
cCodec (3000bps)
⚡ cCodec · Very Low-Bitrate Speech Coding · 2026